Human Digestive System Parts and their Functions
Human Digestive system parts are the liver, glands, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, mouth, etc. There are totally 6 main functions of the Human Digestive System. These processes or functions are:
- Ingestion
- Motility
- Secretion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Excretion
The Digestive System Parts are mentioned and explained below with the functions of all these parts. The Secretion is also mentioned in the table.
Organ | Function | Secretion |
Oral Cavity | ||
| Teeth | Mastication, Communication. | None |
| Lips and Cheeks | Manipulation of food, holding food in position between teeth, communication. | Saliva from buccal glands (only mucous). |
| Tongue | Manipulation of food, holding food in position between teeth, cleaning of the teeth and the taste. | Some mucous and a small amount of serous fluid. |
Salivary Glands | ||
| Parotid Glands | Secretion of saliva through ducts to the superior and posterior parts of the oral cavity. | Saliva with amylase. |
| Sub-Mandibular Glands | Secretion of saliva on the floor of the oral cavity. | Saliva with amylase and mucous. |
| Sublingual Glands | Secretion of saliva in the floor of the oral cavity. | Mucous saliva only. |
| Pharynx | Deglutition (movement of food from the oral cavity to the esophagus). | Some mucous. |
| Esophagus | Movement of food by peristalsis from the pharynx to the stomach. | Mucous. |
Stomach(Mechanical mixing of food, enzymatic digestion, storage, absorption) | ||
| Mucous cells | Protection of stomach wall by mucous protection. | Mucous |
| Parietal cells | Decrease in stomach PH. | Hydrochloric Acid |
| Zymogen cells | Protein Digestion. | Pepsinogen |
| Endocrine cells | Regulation of secretion and motility. | Gastrin |
Accessory Gland | ||
| Liver | Secretion of bile into the duodenum. | Bile |
| Gall Bladder | Bile storage, absorb water and electrolytes into concentrated bile. | None of its own secretion stores and concentrates bile. |
| pancreas | Secretion of several digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions into the duodenum. | Trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, and bicarbonates. |
Small Intestine | ||
| Duodenal glands | Protection | Mucous |
| Global cells | Protection | Mucous |
| Absorptive cells | Secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption of digestive materials. | Enterokinase, amylase, peptidases, sucrose, maltase, lactase, and lipase. |
| Endocrine cells | Regulation of secretion and motility. | Gastrin, secretin. |
Large Intestine | ||
| Global cell | Absorption, storage and food movement, protection. | Mucous. |
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