In this super guide, you are going to learn about the phylum Arthropoda step by step with Diagrams.
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Arthropods are animals whose bodies covered or consist of an exoskeleton rather than a skeleton. they have an external skeleton, segmented bodies, and jointed legs. this exoskeleton is called a cuticle and formed a linear series of ostensible segments, with appendages of articulated pieces.
these are known as an evolutionary group (or phylum ) of invertebrates (the most diverse phylum of the animal kingdom) having a complex organization.
it is said that two of every three known species of animals are arthropods. they belong to the phylum Arthropoda and nearly found in every habitat of the biosphere. bilateral symmetry, triploblastic and jointed limbs are common Arthropoda Characteristics. spiders, insects, centipedes, millipedes are general common examples.
as arthropods are categorized into four different groups such as Arachnids, Insects, Crustaceans, and Myriapods. let’s have a look at examples of each in details:
Arachnids examples
Insects Examples
Examples of Crustaceans
Examples of Myriapods
The phylum Arthropoda contains more species than any other phylum. they have their bodies successively
the exoskeleton is found outside of the body by covering it. throughout the life of arthropods, they face problems to grow because the skeleton should have changed in several successive stages. in this way, the animals are allowed the development of a new skeleton which is adapted to the larger dimensions.
the development can either be direct or indirect highly depends on the nature of the species.
Insects like cockroaches, grasshopper, butterflies, and mosquitoes are the most common Arthropoda Characteristics. They show the following characters. here is the list of some common characteristics:
Due to the infinite evolutionary capacity, arthropods have a variety of feeding mechanisms which are as follows:
blood drawing directly from their bodies. fleas, lice, and ticks are common parasites.
because of the adaptation into various environments their respiration or breathing occurs through lungs or tracheae (air) or gills (water). marine crustaceans, such as lobsters have this type of characteristic.
Reproduction and life History of Phylum Arthropoda
The sexes are separate. The testis and ovaries produce sperm and eggs.
The changes which take place during the conversion of a larva into an adult are called metamorphosis. “Meta” means “change” and “morphe” means “from”. It is the characteristic feature of the life histories of the insects. There are three morphologically distinct stages in the life cycle of the Arthropods
Metamorphosis is incomplete in some primitive insects. The larva resembles the adult is called nymph or instar. It lives in the same habitat as an adult.
The phylum Arthropoda is a large group. It consists of a variety of animals that have been divided into four major groups that are:
they have four pairs of legs and a lack of wings and antennae. Class Arachnids bodies are divided into cephalothorax and abdomen. they are also Endowed with chelicerae.
Examples: Scorpions, spiders, mites, and ticks
This is the largest group of all the animal kingdom and the most varied and numerous of all arthropods. this is the reason that Insects are found everywhere. They may show social behavior like aunts. An arthropod having a pair of antennae two pairs of wings (either functional or not), and three pairs of legs are called an insect. they can adopt any physical environment and are found in different varieties such as predators, parasites, herbivores, and detritophages, etc.
Examples: Dragonfly, Mosquitoes, butterflies, moths, wasps, and beetles, etc.
they are Mostly aquatic and living in seas such as lobster or crab but they can also adopt humid terrestrial environments to the land. they are always present in a nauplius larval stage which is considered as characteristic of their evolution as a class.
Examples: Daphnia, Cyclops, Crabs, lobsters, prawn, woodlouse.
Myriapods are Equipped with long bodies and multiple legs such as jaws (chelicerae) and are mostly similar to insects in many things. they are considered terrestrial and often so poisonous. the common examples of Class Myriapoda are centipedes and millipedes.
Examples: Centipedes and Millipedes.
Arthropods show all the characteristics of the higher organisms. They have bilateral symmetry. Arthropods are triploblastic and coelomate. They have a well-developed organ system. So they have reached the peak (last stage) of the invertebrate evolution. There are two main achievements of the Arthropods. These are the chitinous exoskeleton and locomotory mechanisms.
Chitin is a non-living and non-cellular compound, composed of protein and carbohydrates. It is secreted by the outer epidermis.
There is a waxy layer on the outer side of the chitin. Chitin is soft and flexible in some arthropods. It is soft and flexible in certain parts of some other Arthropods. It is hard for remaining Arthropods.
Functions of chitin: It performs the following functions:
Molting or Ecdysis: Chitinous exoskeleton is shed from time to time in the young larva. It allows the larva to grow. This process of shedding of the exoskeleton is called MouIting or ecdysis.
In short exoskeleton of chitin is one of the primary factors in the success of the Arthropoda. It has helped them to adapt to different habitats.
The bodies of the Arthropoda, like Annelida, are divided into similar segments. However, the segmentation in the Arthropods is not metameric.
Their organs are not repeated in different segments. Each segment has a pair of jointed appendages. But in most cases, this arrangement is modified. Their segments and appendages become specialized for performing different functions in different habitats. Joint appendages perform the following functions:
There is a war between man and insects for food and space (place of living). Insects attackman, his domestic animals, and his crops. They cause a large number of diseases in them. They destroy the properties and crops and cause economic losses to man. Some insects are also useful for men like a honey bee or silkworm. So insects have great importance for mankind.
Harms in animals: Many types of mosquitoes, flies, fleas, lice, and bugs transmit diseases causing organisms to man and domestic animals. Some of these are:
There are the following beneficial insects:
Other Related Phyla:
Question: Which group of animals belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, based on the characteristic features like jointed appendages, exoskeleton, and bi or tri segmented body? * 1 point sponges, corals and comb jellies hydra, sea anemone and jellyfish flatworm, roundworm and snail lobster, crab, and spider
Answer: Arthropods
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