Kingdom Protoctista is a group of living organisms that includes eukaryotes
The animals of Phylum protozoa contain a cellular body i.e. the body is not divided into cells. A single cell performs all functions. They are microscopic animals.
They are elongated, rounded oval, or irregular in shape. The body is covered by plasmalemma (irregular animals) or pellicle (regular animals).
The protoplasm usually consists of two parts, outer ectoplasm, and inner endoplasm.
A definite nucleus is present in the body, so they are eukaryotes. The number of nuclei is one or many.
They capture their food and digest it in the food vacuole. The digestion is intercellular.
Respiration takes place by diffusion through the external surface of the body.
They can maintain the internal salt and water balance due to the pressure of osmoregulatory vacuoles in free-living animals. In parasite forms, the osmoregulatory vacuole is absent.
Movement takes place by pseudopodia, cilia, or flagella.
The protozoans show the response against different stimuli e.g. they show a positive response in dim light but the negative response in intense light. Similarly, they show positive and negative responses against different types of stimuli.
Reproduction occurs by simple cell division, spore formation, or sexual method.
All protozoa animals are unicellular. Most of the protozoa animals ingest their food by Endocytosis. There are different groups of protozoa. These are Zooflagellates, Amoebas, Actinopoda, Foraminifera, Apicomplexans, and Ciliates.
after the Characteristics of Phylum Protozoa let’s have a look at some of their examples.
Protozoa can be described into four different Types such as Flagellated protozoa, Ciliated protozoa, Sporozoal protozoa, and Rhinopod protozoa. it’s better to give separate examples of each type of protozoa.
Those protozoa who have a kind of tail that is called flagella having very slow movement. Flagellated protozoa present in both vertebrates and invertebrates. here are Some examples of Flagellated protozoa.
Ciliated protozoa always live in fresh-water. mostly they are found in water pools where a variety of organic matter is usually found. here are some examples of Ciliated protozoa.
Sporozoal protozoa live as a host with the living things. here are some examples of Sporozoal protozoa.
Rhinopod protozoa are the fourth type of protozoa. they move with the help of cytoplasm with the presence of a kind of false feet. some examples of Rhinopod protozoa are given bellow:
Example: The intestinal parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, causes amoebic dysentery in humans.
The giant amoeba Pelomyxa palustris is the most primitive amoeba. This species has multiple membranous-bound nuclei. Such organelles are not present in any of the eukaryotes. The giant amoeba obtains energy form methanogenic bacteria. These bacteria live inside the giant bacteria. Giant amoeba lives inside the mud at the bottom of freshwater ponds. They are involved in the degradation of organic molecules.
Trichonymphas are complex and specialized flagellates. They have many flagella. They live as symbionts in the guts of termites. Symbionts help termites in the digestion of dry wood.
Parasitic flagellates cause diseases. For example, Trypansoma is a human parasite. It causes African sleeping sickness disease. It is transmitted by the infected tsetse fly.
Choanoflagellates are sessile, marine or freshwater flagellates. They are attached by a stalk. Their single flagellum is surrounded by a delicate collar. These organisms are most important for the evolutionary point of view as they have striking similarities with the collar cells of the sponges.
It is believed that sponges have evolved from the Choanoflagellates.
It causes malaria. It is entered into the human body of the man by the biting of female Anopheles mosquito. Plasmodium first enters into liver cells. Then it enters red blood cells (RBC). It multiplies in the RBC. The RBC bursts and releases many parasites.
The simultaneous bursting of millions of RBC caused the symptom of malaria. These symptoms are chill and high fever. This fever is caused by toxic substances. These toxic substances also affect the other organs of the body.
Plasmodium is a micro-organism, belongs to the phylum protozoa. It causes a disease in the body of human beings, called Malaria. The life cycle of plasmodium is completed in the body of two hosts, hence they are known as Digenic Parasite.
Watch Video About the Phylum Protozoa
Other Related Phyla:
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