The Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis is Organisms grow and reproduce by dividing cells. In eukaryotic cells, the production of
In single-celled organisms, cell proliferation produces the next generation. In multicellular organisms, cell division takes place not only to produce a completely new organism but also to grow and replace obsolete cells in the organism. Cell division is always highly organized and follows a series of very coordinated steps.
Cellular degradation refers to the division of cells into halves, while meiosis and meiosis refer to two different forms of nuclear division. Threaded division causes the nucleus to be the same as the original nucleus. On the other hand, meiosis produces four cores, each with chromosomes from the original cell. In animals, meiosis occurs only in cells that produce sexual cells (gamete), that is, eggs and sperm.
let’s have a look at the Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis.
Let’s have a look at Mitosis and Meiosis individually.
Mitosis and meiosis are processes of cell division. Organisms are constantly replenishing their cell supply and creating new cells to replace old or damaged ones and causing cells to be used to create new organisms during sexual reproduction. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells (all cells that are not sex cells), and it is a critical process for producing new cells and keeping the body alive and healthy.
Most cells in the human body only last a few days or weeks (with the exception of brain cells, which usually last a lifetime), so your body must constantly produce new cells by mitosis. All cells go through a process of formation, growth, division, and eventual death. During mitosis, the stem cell nucleus divides to form two sets of chromosomes for each of the new daughter cells.
The process which cell division occurs through the sexual reproduction of organisms, after two nuclear divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II), and results in the production of four haploid gametes or sex cells. Each cell contains a pair of homologous chromosomes, which means paternal and maternal chromosomes are distributed randomly between the cells.
The nuclear division also includes four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. At the interface, the cells duplicate, the chromosomes condense and shoot at the opposite ends and pair with their counterparts at the time of crossing. In addition, the cell divides and forms two cells. These are the processes of meiosis I, and then these two newly formed cells undergo the process of meiosis II.
This article will explore the characteristics of the two types of cell division, highlighting their similarity and crucial aspects. We will also explore research on these processes and how cell division could go wrong to cause disease states such as cancer and Down syndrome.
Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis Comparison Table | |
Abstract | |
Meiosis and mitosis have prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. | |
In meiosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and Telophase occur twice. | In mitosis, once prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase occur. |
Prophase | |
The chromosomes condense and the Centrosomes begin to form an early spindle. | |
The meiotic prophase is much longer than the Mitotic prophase. During phase I, the homologous chromosomes come into contact with each other called chiasmus and a “cross” Occurs. This is where the chromosomes Exchange sections of DNA. This is important for generating genetic diversity, but it is also mechanically crucial to keep the homologous Chromosomes together. | Mitotic prophase is much shorter than meiotic prophase I. There is no cross in Mitosis. |
Metaphase | |
In metaphase II of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate due to the action of the spindle fibers of the microtubules emanating from Centrosomes located at opposite cell poles. These fibers are linked to the chromosomes by kinetochores in the centromeres of the Chromosomes. | – |
In meiotic metaphase, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate. The way in which homologous pairs are randomly oriented with respect to cell poles is known as the independent matching law and guarantees a random and independent distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells of meiosis I and, ultimately, to the gametes. Haploids at the end of meiosis II. | In mitotic metaphase, a single chromosome/pair of chromatids align Along with the metaphase plate. The sister chromatids are identical, so the orientation of the chromosome has no meaning. |
Anaphase | |
In anaphase, the chromosomes are divided into opposite poles of the cell. | – |
In meiosis anaphase, the cohesion in the chromosome centromeres is not cleaved and, therefore, continues to hold the sister chromatids together while the homologous chromosomes separate at the poles of opposite cells. | In the anaphase of mitosis (and meiosis II), the cohesion protein that holds the centromeres of the sister chromatids together is cleaved, allowing the sister chromatids to separate at opposite poles of the cell, at which |
Telophase | |
The nuclear membrane reforms around the newly separated chromosomes, which begin to unfold, and become less condensed. The spindle microtubules dissociate. Each daughter cell will inherit a centrosome. |
After the Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis, here we discuss some interesting similarities or anti-difference between Mitosis and Meiosis. Check out these anti Difference facts between Mitosis and Meiosis:
After discussing a lot about the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis, now the active research question on the Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis is mentioned here for Quick Support and Reader Assistance. Let’s rock the Topic!
How do cells promote faithful chromosomal segregation in mitosis?
While there is only one way for mitosis to go well, there are many ways it can go wrong. For example, in early mitosis, if there is incorrect contact between microtubules and chromosomes, the chromosomes can be misaligned, which can lead to incorrect segregation of the sister chromatids. In late mitosis, how is the cell certain that the time has come to perform cytokinesis?
The passenger chromosomal complex (CPC) is a molecular guardian angel that acts at many stages of mitosis to ensure the fidelity of the process. At the beginning of mitosis, the CPC is located in all chromosomes and acts to modify the chromatin, during mitosis it moves towards the chromosomal centromeres to prevent the binding of incorrect microtubules and before cytokinesis, the CPC finds its way to the Central Zone, Therefore, an ongoing research question is how the CPC relocates elegantly throughout mitosis to save the day.
How are homologous chromosomes held together and then separated in meiosis I?
You can remember from the above Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis that it is the cohesion protein that binds the sister chromatids in the metaphase of mitosis and metaphase II of meiosis. However, in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes must be held together in metaphase I, before these bonds break rapidly during anaphase I. This feat is accomplished by a miraculous cell zipper called the synaptonemal complex (SC).
This zipper must be strong enough to hold the chromosomes together, but it must also be effectively dismantled, otherwise, the homologous chromosomes will not separate accurately in anaphase I, which will lead to a potentially disastrous genetic inequality in the daughter cells How exactly is this zipper separates is a hot topic of research.
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