Viruses cause many viral diseases in man, animals, and plants. These viral diseases are discussed here completely with their symptoms and methods to control or cure.
Animal viral diseases are caused by many types of viruses.
It is the infection of the upper part of the respiratory tract, caused by rhinovirus.
Symptoms: Pain in throat and chest congestion, flu, cough, and sometimes fever.
Control: Immunization is the method of control; due to various strains it is difficult.
It is an infection of the lower part of the respiratory tract. This disease is caused by a virus called myxovirus influenza.
Symptoms: Pain in throat, headache, pain in arms and back fever, and pneumonia may occur.
Control: Use of Antibiotics, Contact with the patient should be avoided, sudden changes in temperature should be avoided, and Immunization.
Mumps and Measles viruses belong to Paramyxovirus. They are large and RNA-enveloped viruses.
It is a contagious disease. Mumps is widely distributed, and therefore, It is not a fatal disease. About 60% of adults are immune to it. It is a disease in which salivary glands are infected by the virus.
Symptoms: Salivary glands become swollen due to infection, Pain in the jaw muscles, headache, indigestion, and fever.
It is a common disease in children and adults. It occurs all over the world. This disease develops immunity in its victims.
Symptoms: In this disease, small reddish pustules are developed on the skin. Other symptoms are pain and fever.
Control: Use of antibiotics in the effective treatment of this disease and vaccination.
Smallpox is caused by the pox virus. It is a DNA-enveloped virus. Smallpox is an ancient disease. It occurred in China as an epidemic in the 12th century B.C. Smallpox was a common disease in the world before the early twentieth century.
Symptoms: Raised vesicles are formed on the body. These vesicles are fluid-filled. Later these vesicles change into pustules. These pustules later form pitted scars. These scars are called pocks.
Control: In 1950, Immunization or vaccination of smallpox started. This immunization and other control measures have decreased this disease. It is still present in third-world countries. Many people are affected by this disease in these countries.
(Yellow Fever, Encephalitis, and Dengue)
These are viral diseases called arboviruses. These viral diseases are arthropod-borne i.e. they live in the body of insects and other arthropods, from their body these ruses are transferred into man’s body and cause disease.
The virus of yellow fever is transferred from the body of Culex mosquitoes. These viruses attack the liver, kidneys, and blood capillaries. Fever and jaundice are the main symptoms, so the disease is called yellow fever.
Encephalitis and Dengue diseases are also dangerous diseases, caused by viruses. These viruses are transferred into the body of a man from Aedes mosquitoes. They damage the liver, blood vessels, and nervous system. Due to these diseases, death may occur.
Control:
The retroviruses are RNA tumor viruses, that cause tumor formation in many animals. The most common virus of this group is HIV, which causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) in human beings. It was discovered in 1985.
Symptoms: Immune system of the body is destroyed other diseases like pneumonia may attack the body. Blood is infected, and also causes skin cancer.
Control: Blood should be tested before donation, Chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
Rhabdovirus causes Rabies disease. It was discovered in the 19th century by Louis Pasteur. This disease is also called hydrophobia. Usually, it is found in dogs and foxes. The viruses are transferred into the body of the man by biting the mad dog. The virus is present in the saliva of animals.
Symptoms: In this disease nervous system is affected. Salivary glands are infected, and Pain in the muscles. The patient feels fairness by seeing water and becomes mad, so the disease is called Hydrophobia.
Control: Vaccination is the control of the disease.
Poliomyelitis is caused by the poliovirus. It is present all over the world. It occurs mostly in childhood. The age of infection varies with social and economic factors. The polio virus is the smallest know virus. It contains RNA in a spherical Capsid.
Symptoms: Indigestion, fever, pain in muscles, stiffness of back muscles, and legs become paralyzed.
Control: Vaccination of Babies and use of Antibiotics.
It is caused by the Herpes virus. Herpes simplex is a DNA virus. It is a naturally occurring disease of mankind.
Symptoms: It forms vascular lesions in the epithelial layers of the ectodermal tissues. This disease occurs in the mouth, on the lips, and at other skin sites.
Viruses attack many important plants and cause diseases in them, so the crop is badly damaged and yield is greatly reduced. Some plants are tobacco, tomato, sugar cane, wheat, corn, rice, beet, etc.
Tobacco mosaic virus disease is very common. The virus is called TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus). In this disease white, yellow, and green spots are produced on leaves. It looks like a mosaic. The disease in plants spreads in two ways:
In this infection, the plant is infected from sources through insects or injured pans.
In this infection, the plants get the virus form the parent plant by inheritance.
Control of Viral Diseases:
There is no proper control of viral diseases in plants, but some methods are as follows:
The best control is the use of resistant varieties, i.e. Strong and healthy varieties. Clean and free of disease seeds should be used for the cultivation of crops.
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