Respiratory activity which occurs in plants during the daytime is called photorespiration. So, it is a light-dependent process. In this process, CO2 is released and oxygen is absorbed. This oxygen is absorbed from the early reaction of photosynthesis. This oxygen is not used for the production of energy such as ATP.
The enzyme “ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase” or Oxygenase (rubisco) fixes the oxygen in this process. While in the Calvin cycle rubisco fixes CO2. So, photorespiration lowers the overall rate of carbon dioxide fixation and plant growth.
Ribulose 1, 5 bisphosphate (RuBP) reacts with oxygen in photo-phosphorylation. The following steps take place during photo-phosphorylation:
Both these reactions are complete with each other. The RuBP reacts with oxygen to form a two-carbon compound called glycolate.
RuBP + O2 ——–> Glycolate
Glycolate ——–> Glycine
2 Glycine ———> Serine + CO2
The pathway in which RuBP is converted into serine is called photorespiration. The process of photorespiration uses ATP and NADPH, just like the Calvin Benson cycle. These ATP and NADPH are produced during light reactions. In fact, photorespiration is the reverse of the Calvin cycle. During photorespiration, CO2 is produced and does not fix to form carbohydrates. Photorespiration reduces the number of carbohydrates by 25% in most plants.
Rubisco can act both as an oxygenase and carboxylase. The relative concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the leaf determines whether rubisco has to act as carboxylase or oxygenase.
Interestingly, photorespiration reduces the photosynthetic process. Photorespiration is not essential for plants. Many plants can grow normally without photorespiration. It is observed that when photo-respiration is inhibited chemically, the plant can still grow. Then, the number of oxygen increased and photo-respiration started.
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