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There have both positive and negative importance of bacteria. They play very important role in the life of human beings. Their importance is given below:
Bacteria are ecologically very important. They show many adaptations. So they are present everywhere. They decompose organic matter and play an important role in the completion of cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and carbon.
Bacteria show following beneficial and harmful effects:
Bacteria are very common pathogens of humans. Approximately, 200 species are known to cause diseases in humans. Many bacteria normally inhabit the bodies of man and other animals.
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Bacteria decompose the dead remains of plants, animals and human beings into simpler compounds. In this way they help to clean the world.
Certain bacteria are present in the intestine of man arid help in the digestion of cellulose.
Bacteria increase the fertility of soil by adding organic substances due to the decompositions of dead bodies.
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Bacteria also take part in nitrogen fixation i.e. they convert Nitrogen into its compounds like nitrites and nitrates. These compounds are used by the plants.
Bacteria spoil our food stuff in large amount by the chemical process. It is a great loss.
Bacteria are responsible to cause various diseases in man and other animals, such as Tuberculosis (T.B.), Pneumonia, Cholera, Typhoid, Tetanus, Syphilis, and Diphtheria etc.
Bacteria also cause disease in various plants, such as Citrus Canker, Fire blight of apple, Ring disease of potato, wilt of solanaceae plants etc.
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It is necessary to control bacteria in home, in industries and in medical fields. The disease can be prevented by controlling the bacteria. The control of bacteria can prevent the spoilage of foods and other industrial products. Microorganisms can be controlled by following methods:
The process in which we use physical methods to control bacteria is known as sterilization. Steam, dry heat, gas, filtration and radiations are used in process of sterilization. Sterilization destroys all the microorganisms. Following methods are used for sterilizations:
Antiseptics, disinfectants and chemotherapeutic agents can be used for microbial control.
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The different methods to control the infections of micro-organisms are as follows:
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