Properties of Liquid Based on Certain Measurements

Constitutive and Additive Properties of Liquids: Matter exists in three states i.e., gases, liquids, and solids. The chapter on the liquids is mostly concerned with the discussion of the important physical properties of liquid-like vapor pressure, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, dipole moment and magnetic properties, etc.

The importance of these physical measurements has considerably increased in recent years. These properties are useful to know the composition and structure of the molecules of liquids especially.

 Types of Properties

The properties based upon certain measurements are of four types.

• Additive Properties

Those properties are concerned with individual atoms. These properties do not change, no matter which physical or chemical state they exist in. The mass and weight of an atom do not change and we can find out the molar mass of a substance by simply adding the atomic weights present in the molecule.

The molecular heat of a compound is the sum of the atomic heats of the atoms present in it. Radioactivity is the property of individual atoms and it is also an additive property.

• Constitutive Properties

Those properties which entirely depend upon the arrangement of atoms in a molecule are called constitutive properties. They do not depend upon their number.

So, vapor pressure, viscosity, surface tension, dipole moment, refractive index, and optical activity are constitutive properties.

• Additive and Constitutive Properties of Liquids

These are addictive properties, but their additive character is modified by the manner in which the atoms are linked together. Parachor, rheochor, and polarization are both additive and constitutive properties.

• Colligative Properties:

Those properties which depend upon the number of particles, but not upon their nature and structure are called colligative properties. There are four colligative properties of solutions and they depend upon the number of particles of solutes. These properties are:

• Lowering of vapor pressure
• Elevation of boiling point  (Ebullioscopy)
• Depression of freezing point (Cryoscopy)
• Osmotic pressure

Next Coming up articles

Properties of Liquid:

• surface tension
• viscosity
• refractive index
• dipole moment
• polarizability
• magnetic properties

You May Also Like:

• Properties of Fluids